The perfect active stem tul- is stolen from tollere, which in turn has lost its own perfect stem. The present stem is cognate with bear/ baren. Su-/ es- in sum, esse but fu- in fui, futurus.Īs I've said, the present stem is cognate with the present forms of be/ zijn.įer- in fero, ferre but tul- in tuli and lat- in latus. There aren't a ton of verbs with suppletion, but you can see multiple stems at work in: There's also suppletion in the English verb "go," most of whose forms are cognate with "gaan," but whose simple past ("went") is stolen from "wend" (cognate with "wenden"). Was, were / was, ware, waren, wees, geweest (original meaning: "live (somewhere)," not cognate with much outside of Germanic, but the name of the goddess Vesta might be cognate)Īlso note that the Dutch infinitive "zijn" is a late invention and the original infinitive is "wezen" (Old English had two infinitives, "beon" and "wesan"). Different tenses of the same verb are formed by the merging of multiple verbs.īe, been / ben, bent (original meaning: "become," cognate with bouwen)Īm, are, is / zijn, zij, is (original Indo-European verb for "be," cognate with "sum, es, est," etc.) The different endings between principal parts in verbs like ferre is because of a phenomenon called suppletion. Neutra classis in temporibus perfectis irregularis est. Vide igitur: amav isse: amav i, amav isti, amav it amav eram, amav eras, amav erat amav ero, amav eris, amav erit mans isse: mans i, mans isti, mans it mans eram, etc mans ero, etc eg isse: eg i, eg isti, eg it eg eram, etc eg ero, etc audiv isse: audiv i, audiv isti, audiv it audiv eram, etc audiv ero, etc ded isse: ded i, ded isti, ded it ded eram, ded eras, ded erat ded ero, ded eris, ded erit fec isse: fec i, fec isti, fec it fec eram, etc fec ero, etc volu isse: volu i, volu isti, volu it volu eram, etc volu ero, etc fu isse: fu i, fu isti, fu it fu eram, etc fu ero, etc tul isse: tul i, tul isti, tul it tul eram, etc tul ero, etc i isse: i i, i isti, i it i eram, etc i ero, etc Ut videre potes, eidem termini in utraque classe verborum (prima regulari in temporibus infinitivo praesenti formatis, secunda irregulari in illis temporibus) videntur. Qua mquam coniugatio temporum infinitivo praesenti formatorum irregularis est, illa tempora quae infinitivo perfecto formantur eisdem terminis utuntur. In temporibus perfectis: dedisse, fecisse, voluisse, fuisse, tulisse, iisse Irregularia: dare, facere, velle, esse, ferre, ire In temporibus perfectis: amavisse, mansisse, egisse, audivisse Etiam verba quae in temporibus praesenti imperfectoque futuroque leges grammaticas non sequuntur se gerunt sicut cetera. Quae verba irregularia putas? In temporibus perfectis nulla irregularia sunt.
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